PPARG and diabetes mellitus: Alpha-ESA from bitter melon seeds has cytotoxic effect on tumor cells [6], induces apoptosis and upregulates GADD45, p53 and PPARγ in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells [3], blocks breast cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through a mechanism that may be oxidation dependent [2], protects plasma, low density lipoprotein and erythrocyte membrane from oxidation which may be effective in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus [28] and unregulates mRNA expression of PPARα, PPARγ and their target genes in C57BL/6J mice [29].