Among these cytokines, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a multifunctional growth factor produced by cancer cells, macrophages and fibroblasts, which exerts wide-ranging activities that affect cancer inhibition and promotion, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis and the suppression of regulatory T cell function (1). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.