Studies (37,38) have also found a correlation between the loss of stromal Cav-1 and upregulation of Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that the loss of Cav-1 in the tumor microenvironment contributes to the metastatic behavior of tumor cells by a mechanism that involves the upregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and SNCG through Akt activation. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is neoplasm.