CAV1 and breast carcinoma: Certain studies insist that Cav-1 is downregulated and serves as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer (71–73), GC (74), hepatic cancer (75) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the salivary glands (76); while other studies suggest that the expression levels of Cav-1 are upregulated, consistent with advanced tumor stage, high histological type and the metastasis of human cancer cells, including esophagus (77,78), pancreatic (79), renal (80), prostate (81) and colorectal (82) cancer.