CAV1 and breast carcinoma: In addition, reduced Cav-1 was found to significantly (P=0.041) correlate with tumor size, consistent with other studies (71,72) However, Savage et al (83) questioned the tumor suppressive effect of Cav-1 following the immunohistochemical analysis of Cav-1 expression levels in benign lesions, breast cancer precursors and metaplastic breast carcinomas, in a cohort of 245 invasive breast carcinomas, and a CAV1 gene amplification assessment of 25 cases.