Based on these findings, it is worthy to speculate that a better approach for vaccine design should combine the use of antigen targets expressed during the early stages of parasite infection in hepatocytes, e.g., the CSP and TRAP antigens, with the late-expressed AMA1 antigen from Plasmodium parasites to potentiate the effectiveness of a vaccine against malaria liver-stage infection. Here, DNAJC5 is linked to malaria.