Evidence for this includes (1) the amplification of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/avian erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 2 (erbB2) in approximately 25% of breast cancers [1]; (2) the presence of activating mutations in PIK3CA, encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), in approximately 30% of cases [2]; and dysregulation of other signalling intermediates such as the non-RTK Src [3], the docking protein Gab2 [4] and the serine/threonine kinase Akt3 [5]. This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and breast carcinoma.