A number of proteins have been identified as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), AFPLens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, glypican-3, osteopontin, and others, including squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complexes, alpha-1-fucosidase, chromogranin A, human hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor (26). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.