Significant increase in the frequency of CD4+CD25low/negative FoxP3+ cells in PTB individuals with and without HIV-1 co-infection had higher FoxP3 expression in these cells (HIV-PTB median = 52.82, mean±SEM: 52.92±9.98 and PTB median = 42.83, mean±SEM: 44.13±5.52) when compared to healthy controls (median = 28.45, mean±SEM: 34.84±3.33) though statistically non-significant (Figure 3C). Here, FOXP3 is linked to coinfection.