In fact, several studies which targeted post-PSA-era patients have reported different results, and contrary to previous studies, Chan JM et al. analyzed of 6,722 men diagnosed as prostate cancer from 1989 to 2002 within CaPSURE data, and reported that any evidence of an inverse association between DM and prostate cancer risk was not observed [3]. Here, KLK3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.