In our previous research we were able to show in vitro that in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cross-talk between IFNγ and LPS exists and in vitro facilitates STAT1-dependent increase chemokine expression and monocyte to endothelial cells adhesion, a hallmark of early atherosclerosis [17]. Here, IFNG is linked to atherosclerosis.