To better understand the inflammatory response as related to lethality of P. berghei infection in Tlr7-/-, Tlr9-/-, Tlr7-/-Tlr9-/-, and Myd88-/- mice, the levels of cytokines that have previously been associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria [21, 49–52] were measured at three days post-infection, which is at the onset of parasite patency, and six days post-infection, which is approximately 12 to 24 hours before the onset of neurological symptoms in wild-type mice. Here, TLR9 is linked to infection.