TGF-β expression was also localized to the matrix of cancer cells, which was not consistent with the results reported by Xing et al. These two novel phenomena revealed by our findings indicated that cancer cells might have a similar function as CAFs and CAFs may not originate exclusively from normal epithelial cells but may also be derived from mutant epithelial cells, including cancer cells [2]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.