However, it is important to consider that, in contrast to CEACAM3, neisserial binding to other human CEACAMs facilitates attachment to mucosal epithelia [14], [63], [64], [65] and suppression of both innate [20] and adaptive [15], [16], [17] immune responses, activities which are central to the establishment and persistence of infection. Here, CEACAM3 is linked to infection.