Our data showed a gradual increase in γδ T cell activation, along with compromised γδ T cell cytotoxicity over time, in addition to an elevation in the fraction of IL-17-producing γδ T cells in acute HIV infection (Fig. 3, 4, 5).These observations indicated that early initiation of ART failed to bring about recovery of the γδ T cell populations and their functions, which is consistent with a previous report [29], although additional studies are required to confirm this. Here, IL17A is linked to HIV infectious disease.