TLR3 and Japanese encephalitis: In addition, since our data showed that TLR4 ablation provided rapid and increased production of systemic IFN-β, we assessed whether TLR3 and TLR4 molecules affect JEV replication and type I IFN responses in myeloid-derived cells as primary target cells, in order to further define the differential roles of TLR3 and TLR4 molecules in controlling the progression of JE.