In addition, since our data showed that TLR4 ablation provided rapid and increased production of systemic IFN-β, we assessed whether TLR3 and TLR4 molecules affect JEV replication and type I IFN responses in myeloid-derived cells as primary target cells, in order to further define the differential roles of TLR3 and TLR4 molecules in controlling the progression of JE. Here, TLR4 is linked to Japanese encephalitis.