For example, a recent large biomarker substudy of the RE-LY trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) showed that elevated TnI and NT-proBNP were independently related to increased risks of stroke and mortality and significantly improved risk prediction in AF patients beyond currently used clinical tools (i.e., the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores) [36]. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.