After adjusting the pooled results of the studies for all key confounders (PSA, DRE and PV), we observed a strong shift in the OR relative to the studies that omitted one or two of the key confounders (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12–1.44 vs. OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.68–1.25); this finding indicates that these confounders obscured PCa detection to some extent. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.