AR and posterior cortical atrophy: There are well-established genetic alterations associated with PCa, such as the upregulation of AR-signaling, the overexpression of c-Myc, the loss of the tumor-suppressor gene Pten (and subsequent activation of the Akt pathway), and the fusion of Ets genes with upstream AR-regulated promoter sequences (with TMPRSS2-Erg being the most frequently observed fusion gene).