Rather, the requirement for double stranded RNA in the form of inactivated RRV, not necessarily live virus, the similar effect of poly I∶C, and the absence of an effect of RRV in TLR3 −/− mice, demonstrated that this immediate effect of RRV infection was mediated by the interaction of RRV double stranded RNA with TLR3. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is infection.