TLR3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: RV is a double-stranded RNA virus and therefore it is of interest that beta cells express the innate immune toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) for double-stranded RNA [9], [10], as well as the double-stranded RNA sensor, IFN-induced helicase 1, which is a susceptibility gene for type 1 diabetes [11].