TLR9 and bacterial infectious disease: In addition to TLR9 and Myd88, other upregulated genes induced by NKLP27 include IL-1β and IL-8, which are cytokines that promote proinflammatory response, CsCCK1 and CsCXCe1, which are chemokines that enhance resistance against bacterial infection, and CsISG15, which has been found to facilitate antiviral immunity [38]–[40].