IFNG and cerebral malaria: Indeed, IFN-γ and lymphotoxin α, the two key pathogenetic cytokines in experimental cerebral malaria (Grau et al., 1989; Engwerda et al., 2002), are strongly synergistic in inducing the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin in mouse brain endothelial cells in vitro (Weiser et al., 2007).