Unger and Orci [34] have recently introduced the term paracrinopathy to designate the loss of tonic restraint normally exerted by a high local concentration of insulin on alpha-cells; beta-cell destruction and beta-cell failure to secrete the first phase of insulin associated with alpha-cells insulin resistance would be the main mechanistic factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.