Targeted disruption of retrograde transport is known to result in neuromuscular changes consistent with progressive motor neuron diseases (LaMonte et al., 2002; Puls et al., 2003) and SOD1-mutant ALS mice display impaired axonal transport months prior to disease onset which could indicate that decreased transport is correlated with development of motor neuron disease (Williamson and Cleveland, 1999). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.