However, mutations in GNAO1 gene can cause abnormal excretion of GNAO1 protein, which was associated with epileptic encephalopathy and disturbed calcium flow in the neuronal cells.44 As calcium flow is important for proliferation of neuronal cells45, disturbed calcium flow induces apoptosis in GBM cells46, which might explain the elevated levels of GNAO1 in GP with longer survival. The gene discussed is GNAO1; the disease is glioblastoma.