The molecular studies of primary tumor and metastatic cells showed both amplification of MDM2 and several fusion genes (four - PTGES3-PTPRB, HMGA2-DYRK2, TMBIM4-MSRB3 and USP15-CNTN1 in the primary tumor, whereas the first three, but not USP15-CNTN1 were present also in the metastasis), all of them located on 12q (Fig. 2). Here, MDM2 is linked to neoplasm.