Moreover, CC-930, a selective inhibitor of JNK, which is in a clinical trial as an antifibrotic drug (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; trial identifier NCT01203943), has been shown to exert a potent antifibrotic effect, preventing myofibrolasts differentiation and the accumulation of collagen in both in vitro and in vivo models of systemic sclerosis[34].In conclusion, our results suggest that JNK activation is an early and critical step in the TGF-β1-dependent myofibroblastic differentiation process in normal human breast fibroblasts. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is systemic sclerosis.