FGFR3 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Mechanisms of FGFR deregulation are included: 1) gene amplification (e.g. FGFR1 amplification in lung cancer and breast cancer [4], [24], [29] and FGFR2 amplification in gastric cancer [11], [31]); 2) gene mutation (e.g. FGFR2 mutation in endometrial carcinomas [8] and FGFR3 mutation in bladder cancer [3]); 3) gene translocation (e.g. FGFR3 translocation in multiple myeloma [34]); 4) autocrine FGF signaling (e.g. FGF1 autocrine in ovarian cancer [35]).