These findings are in conflict with a previous study by Yoon et al., which showed an association between oligohydramnios and a higher intra-amniotic inflammatory response (determined by the amniotic fluid IL-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels) and the fetal inflammatory response (characterized by the umbilical cord blood IL-6 levels) [13]. Here, TNF is linked to oligohydramnios.