ESR1 and Stroke: An in-depth examination of the cellular component responsible for such gender-specific vulnerability to aberrant alterations in the immune system, reveals the key participation of the female cells to harbor estradiol and/or estrogen receptors, in that treatment with estradiol and/or estrogen receptor agonist was shown to repair the immune systems of the ovariectomized rats, purportedly due to the neuroprotective capabilities of estradiol in stroke by means of interleukin-1β expression [49] and neurogenesis [50].