ZNF438 and ankylosing spondylitis: We draw attention to 10 genes that have no conclusively established association to T1D but have been highlighted for other immune-modulated diseases in ImmunoBase (Table 1), three of which are implicated as candidate causal genes in one or more diseases: TRAF3IP2 in psoriasis, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (Jostins et al., 2012; Tsoi et al., 2012), ZNF438 in multiple sclerosis (IMSGC et al., 2011) and RUNX3 in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis (IGASC et al., 2013; Tsoi et al., 2012).