ATG16L1 and Crohn disease: Besides, autophagy has been recognized to have an anti-inflammatory action since the production of interleukine (IL)-1β and IL-18 was increased in the absence of functional ATG16L1 (a key protein of the ubiquitin-like conjugation system Atg5-Atg12 ~ Atg16) in a mouse model of Crohn’s disease [24].