Because PEDF or neutralizing antibody against RAGE is implicated in the inhibition of AGE-induced oxidative stress generation in mesangial cells (23), measuring the plasma soluble isoform of RAGE (sRAGE), which correlated positively with circulating AGE and negatively with GFR (38), may provide additional information on the interaction between PEDF and AGE in the pathogenesis of DN. The gene discussed is SERPINF1; the disease is liver dysplastic nodule.