The mice immunized with the anti-HTLV-1 gp46 neutralizing mAb (clone LAT-27) were completely protected against HTLV-1 infection whereas other non-neutralizing antibodies such as anti-gp46 mAb (clone LAT-25), anti-Gag (clone GIN-7), anti-HCV (clone MO-8), and anti-OX40 mAb (clone B-7B5) did not protect against infection (Figure 3A). Here, TNFRSF4 is linked to infection.