These data suggest a possible in vivo correlation in IPF: TGF-β induces SPARC production through mTORC2 and Akt activation in IPF fibroblasts, which then activates H2O2 production by the fibroblasts, leading to a loss of viability of neighboring type II alveolar epithelial cells. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.