PARP1 and infection: Previous reports have shown that inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity or deletion of PARP1 is protective in experimental models of multiple sclerosis (Chiarugi 2002; Diestel et al. 2003; Farez et al. 2009), ischemia-reperfusion (Eliasson et al. 1997; Ullrich et al. 2001) and infection (Ha et al. 2002; Koedel et al. 2002; Ha 2004; Nakajima et al. 2004).