INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial enrolling 64 children with recent onset of type 1 diabetes (IMDIAB IX) demonstrated that implementation of insulin therapy with vitamin B3 (25 mg/kg body weight) alone or in combination with vitamin E (15 mg/kg body weight) for 2 years preserved baseline C-peptide secretion without any effect on HbA1c level[48].