Therefore, it might not be surprising that different studies have identified different genes that are mutated in the population at low frequency, like ARID2, ARID1A and JAK1. Another difficulty in constructing the complete mutational landscape in HCC is the focused nature of most previous studies, since it is not common for a single study to comprehensively examine multiple types of genomic changes that include point mutations, deletions, structural variations, and virus-mediated mutations. Here, JAK1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.