A recent analysis of 106 ccRCC cases reported that the MTOR gene was mutated in nearly 6% of cases, but that a quarter of cases harbored mutations in genes encoding signaling molecules in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR cascade, including PTEN, PIK3CA, TSC1 and TSC2 [7]. Here, TSC1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.