p53-independent induction of apoptosis by [6]-gingerol was reported previously in pancreatic cancer cell lines, where the expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21cip1, was increased independent of p53 expression leading to decrease in Cyclin A and Cyclin-dependent kinase expression and cell cycle arrest [36]. Here, CDKN3 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.