VEGFA and breast carcinoma: Down-regulation of MMP-9 and MMP-2 by [6]-gingerol has been reported previously in hepatic cancer and breast cancer cell lines respectively [9], [50].Components of ginger were also shown to inhibit angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF in ovarian cancer cells [29], [59].Even though the present study has not explored the effect of [6]-gingerol on down-stream targets of AP-1, it calls for attention in exploring its effects on these effectors molecules in colon cancer cells.