Some studies have suggested that immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 might replace measures of apoptosis such as TUNEL [46], [47], and absence or low numbers of cleaved caspase-3 positive cells have been associated with a worse prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma [48] and glioma [49]. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is central nervous system cancer.