Significantly downregulated genes in NHT tumours (DESeq comparison; Benjamini-Hochberg P <0.05) were typically androgen responsive (for example, TMPRSS2, KLK3, BMPR1B, TPD52) or steroidogenesis-related (for example, DHCR24, SCD), consistent with a reduction in androgen receptor activity (Figure 1C; Additional file 1: Table S5; Additional file 3: Text S1). This evidence concerns the gene TMPRSS2 and neoplasm.