TNF and Anorexia: Low-dose Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-B (a superantigen that induces T-cell activation and IL-2, interferon, and TNF release) also been shown to impair food intake in a novel but not familiar context without changing mobility or weight, suggesting a discrete effect on novelty responses unconfounded by illness anorexia (Kawashima and Kusnecov, 2002).