ACE and metabolic syndrome: To determine whether plasma BDNF was independently associated with the reverse-dippers, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using age, gender, classical cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index, current smoking, cardiovascular disease history, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, eGFR), medical hypertension treatment (calcium-channel blocker, α or β blocker, ACE inhibitor or ARB, diuretic agent), AHI and BDNF as covariates (Table 2).