Supporting these two hypotheses we identified functionally associated genes with CAMLS, including: DDX60 and TRIM25; SPOPL and BRMS1L; FGFR2, BRWD2 and CBL; SEMA3E and NRP1. Other functional associations important to changes in RNA transcription included, SLC44A4 transcript isoforms uniquely identified in GBM (and with expression significantly greater than normal tissue). Here, SEMA3E is linked to glioblastoma.