CD4 and malnutrition: Three studies noted that level of CD4+ lymphocytes were higher in children with oedematous than with non-oedematous malnutrition [91], [198], [220], and several studies have noted that children with HIV were less likely to develop oedematous malnutrition [198], [220], [221], suggesting that some level of CD4+ lymphocytes could be required to develop the syndrome.