On the other hand, the host cell chaperones Hsp90 and the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase cyclophilin A were reported to be critical for membrane translocation of the active moieties of clostridial C2, iota, and CDT toxins but not for LF of the anthrax toxin [368,369,370]. The gene discussed is PPIA; the disease is anthrax infection.