Various reports have also suggested involvement of NFAT5 in the pathogenesis of various tumor entities, such as non-small cell lung cancer (Zhong et al., 2004; Mijatovic et al., 2006), melanoma (Levy et al., 2010), leiomyoma (McCarthy-Keith et al., 2011), breast cancer (Jauliac et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2009; Germann et al., 2012), or colon carcinoma (Chen et al., 2011; Slattery et al., 2011; Alvarez-Diaz et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene NFAT5 and breast carcinoma.