Other proposed NFAT5 target genes reportedly upregulated in RCC are Cyr61 (O'Connor et al., 2007; Chintalapudi et al., 2008), and COX-2 (Chen et al., 2004; Favale et al., 2009), whether NFAT5 is responsible for this upregulation remains to be established. Here, NFAT5 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.