While CCL2 and CCR2 mRNA in myelinated MS hippocampi (n = 5) was not altered compared to control hippocampi (n = 5), a ~4 fold increase in CCL2 mRNA (ANOVA; F = 18.07; p < 0.001) and a ~3 fold increase in CCR2 mRNA (ANOVA, F = 5.63; p = 0.02) was measured in demyelinated hippocampi (n = 5) compared to myelinated MS hippocampi (p < 0.001; p = 0.03, respectively) and compared to control hippocampi (p < 0.001; p = 0.04, respectively) (Figure 2A, B). Here, CCL2 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.