TGFB1 and chronic kidney disease: In fact, some authors observed that increased TGF-β activity in vivo results in glomerular extracellular matrix accumulation, proteinuria, tubule-interstitial fibrosis, and the onset of chronic renal failure, suggesting that its activity in promoting the synthesis of extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in fibrotic deposition and the decline in renal function [15, 16].