PRKN and Parkinson disease: Proteins involved in these repair mechanisms (e.g., parkin and PINK1) behave anomalously in both PD (Ethell and Fei, 2009) and aging (Palikaras and Tavernarakis, 2012), with autophagy also being altered in both cases (Cuervo et al., 2004; Ethell and Fei, 2009; Hubbard et al., 2012).