TNF and fatty liver disease: Surprisingly, the hepatic steatosis induced by the HFD was associated with liver inflammation in the KO mice but not in WT mice, as indicated by increased hepatic levels of IL-1β (Figure 5(a)), IL-12 (Figure 5(b)) and a trend toward higher levels of IL-8 (Figure 5(c)) and TNF-α (Figure 5(d)) in the livers of KO mice when compared to WT mice subjected to the SD.